{"id":467,"date":"2012-03-28T21:02:00","date_gmt":"2012-03-28T19:02:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gqm.lpl.univ-paris13.fr\/?p=467"},"modified":"2025-10-28T15:24:57","modified_gmt":"2025-10-28T14:24:57","slug":"gabriel-bismut","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gqm.lpl.univ-paris13.fr\/index.php\/2012\/03\/28\/gabriel-bismut\/","title":{"rendered":"Excitations of a dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div id=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-columns-09711f80\" class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-columns has-2-columns has-desktop-twoOne-layout has-tablet-equal-layout has-mobile-collapsedRows-layout has-vertical-unset\"><div class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-columns-overlay\"><\/div><div class=\"innerblocks-wrap\">\n<div id=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-column-e7183572\" class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-column\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Abstract:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In our experiments, we have studied a chromium Bose-Einstein condensate. Because of the strong magnetic moment of chromium, these experiments enabled us to characterize the influence of dipolar interactions on the hydrodynamic and magnetic properties of a condensate. These interactions are anisotropic and long range, as opposed to contact interactions. We have studied a \u201cquadrupole-like\u201d collective excitation mode of the chromium condensate. We have observed that the frequency of this mode is dependent on the orientations of the atomic dipoles, given by the direction of the external magnetic field. Moreover, we have used Bragg spectroscopy in order to measure the shift caused by dipolar interactions on the Bogoliubov excitations energies. In the phononic regime, our results reveal the anisotropy of the velocity of sound, which depends on the direction of the sound wave with respect to the axis of the dipoles. We have also studied dipolar relaxation, which is a type of inelastic collision caused by dipolar interactions. We have observed that the collision rate is directly related to pair correlations in the condensate. Furthermore, we have shown that this rate is strongly dependent on the dimensionality of the system. At very low magnetic fields, dipolar interactions are responsible for a spontaneous demagnetization of the condensate, which we have also observed. Our experiments were made easier by the building of a passive optical cavity, which was used to effectively stabilize our new lasers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-file\"><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-e125ac60-4e2b-4c4c-b9d0-ebf619d156e2\" href=\"https:\/\/gqm.lpl.univ-paris13.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/2012-Thesis-Gabriel-Bismut.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">2012 &#8211; Thesis &#8211; Gabriel Bismut<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/gqm.lpl.univ-paris13.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/2012-Thesis-Gabriel-Bismut.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-e125ac60-4e2b-4c4c-b9d0-ebf619d156e2\">Download<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-column-4bfc9d1b\" class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-column\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Soutenance de th\u00e8se de Gabriel Bismut<\/em><br><strong>Date:<\/strong> Mercredi 28 mars 2012<br><strong>Location:<\/strong> Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, 99 av. J.B. Cl\u00e9ment 93430 Villetaneuse France<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Keywords:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bose-Einstein condensation, chromium, dipolar interactions, collective excitations,<br>Bogoliubov excitations, Bragg spectroscopy, dipolar relaxation, demagnetization, optical cavity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Jury:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Mme Mich\u00e8le LEDUC (President)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>M. Daniel COMPARAT (Referee)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>M. Franck PEREIRA DOS SANTOS (Referee)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>M. Christian CHARDONNET (Examiner)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>M. Laurent VERNAC (Co-supervisor)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>M. Olivier GORCEIX (Supervisor)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">French version:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Excitations d\u2019un condensat de Bose-Einstein dipolaire<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nos exp\u00e9riences ont \u00e9t\u00e9 consacr\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tude d\u2019un condensat de chrome, \u00e9l\u00e9ment poss\u00e9dant un fort moment magn\u00e9tique. Elles nous ont permis de mettre en \u00e9vidence l\u2019influence des interactions dipolaires sur les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s hydrodynamiques et magn\u00e9tiques d\u2019un condensat. Ces interactions sont, contrairement aux interactions de contact, anisotropes et \u00e0 longue port\u00e9e. Nous avons \u00e9tudi\u00e9 un mode d\u2019oscillations collectives, de type quadrupolaire, du condensat de chrome. Nous avons observ\u00e9 que la fr\u00e9quence de ce mode d\u00e9pend l\u00e9g\u00e8rement de l\u2019orientation des dip\u00f4les, fix\u00e9e par le champ magn\u00e9tique. De plus, nous avons utilis\u00e9 la diffusion de Bragg pour sonder<br>le spectre des excitations de Bogoliubov du condensat. Nous avons caract\u00e9ris\u00e9 l\u2019effet des interactions dipolaires sur les \u00e9nergies d\u2019excitation. Dans le r\u00e9gime phononique, nous en avons d\u00e9duit une anisotropie de la vitesse du son, qui d\u00e9pend de la direction de propagation de l\u2019onde sonore relativement \u00e0 l\u2019axe de polarisation des dip\u00f4les. Nous avons \u00e9galement \u00e9tudi\u00e9 les collisions in\u00e9lastiques dues \u00e0 l\u2019interaction dip\u00f4le-dip\u00f4le, appel\u00e9es relaxations dipolaires. Nous avons observ\u00e9, d\u2019une part, que le taux de collision est directement li\u00e9 aux corr\u00e9lations de paires dans le condensat, et d\u2019autre part, que ce taux d\u00e9pend fortement de la dimensionnalit\u00e9 du syst\u00e8me. \u00c0 tr\u00e8s bas champ magn\u00e9tique, nous avons mis en \u00e9vidence une dynamique spinorielle, due aux interactions dipolaires, qui se traduit par une d\u00e9magn\u00e9tisation spontan\u00e9e du condensat. Ces exp\u00e9riences ont \u00e9t\u00e9 facilit\u00e9es par la mise au point d\u2019une cavit\u00e9 optique passive \u201cultra-stable\u201d, utilis\u00e9e pour asservir nos nouveaux lasers.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>French version: Excitations d\u2019un condensat de Bose-Einstein dipolaire Nos exp\u00e9riences ont \u00e9t\u00e9 consacr\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tude d\u2019un condensat de chrome, \u00e9l\u00e9ment poss\u00e9dant un fort moment magn\u00e9tique. Elles nous ont permis de mettre en \u00e9vidence l\u2019influence des interactions dipolaires sur les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s hydrodynamiques et magn\u00e9tiques d\u2019un condensat. Ces interactions sont, contrairement aux interactions de contact, anisotropes et [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[75],"tags":[77],"class_list":["post-467","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-phd-thesis","tag-gabriel-bismut"],"blocksy_meta":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Excitations of a dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate - Magnetic Quantum Gases<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/gqm.lpl.univ-paris13.fr\/index.php\/2012\/03\/28\/gabriel-bismut\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Excitations of a dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate - Magnetic Quantum Gases\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"French version: Excitations d\u2019un condensat de Bose-Einstein dipolaire Nos exp\u00e9riences ont \u00e9t\u00e9 consacr\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tude d\u2019un condensat de chrome, \u00e9l\u00e9ment poss\u00e9dant un fort moment magn\u00e9tique. Elles nous ont permis de mettre en \u00e9vidence l\u2019influence des interactions dipolaires sur les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s hydrodynamiques et magn\u00e9tiques d\u2019un condensat. Ces interactions sont, contrairement aux interactions de contact, anisotropes et [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/gqm.lpl.univ-paris13.fr\/index.php\/2012\/03\/28\/gabriel-bismut\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Magnetic Quantum Gases\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2012-03-28T19:02:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-10-28T14:24:57+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Benjamin PASQUIOU\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Benjamin PASQUIOU\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gqm.lpl.univ-paris13.fr\\\/index.php\\\/2012\\\/03\\\/28\\\/gabriel-bismut\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gqm.lpl.univ-paris13.fr\\\/index.php\\\/2012\\\/03\\\/28\\\/gabriel-bismut\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Benjamin PASQUIOU\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gqm.lpl.univ-paris13.fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/edd1441f419c30858a44ed007fc1fc79\"},\"headline\":\"Excitations of a dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate\",\"datePublished\":\"2012-03-28T19:02:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-10-28T14:24:57+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gqm.lpl.univ-paris13.fr\\\/index.php\\\/2012\\\/03\\\/28\\\/gabriel-bismut\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":607,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gqm.lpl.univ-paris13.fr\\\/#organization\"},\"keywords\":[\"Gabriel Bismut\"],\"articleSection\":[\"PhD thesis\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gqm.lpl.univ-paris13.fr\\\/index.php\\\/2012\\\/03\\\/28\\\/gabriel-bismut\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gqm.lpl.univ-paris13.fr\\\/index.php\\\/2012\\\/03\\\/28\\\/gabriel-bismut\\\/\",\"name\":\"Excitations of a dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate - 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