{"id":537,"date":"2018-12-21T16:58:00","date_gmt":"2018-12-21T15:58:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gqm.lpl.univ-paris13.fr\/?p=537"},"modified":"2025-11-08T14:30:25","modified_gmt":"2025-11-08T13:30:25","slug":"cooling-all-external-degrees-of-freedom-of-optically-trapped-chromium-atoms-using-gray-molasses","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gqm.lpl.univ-paris13.fr\/index.php\/2018\/12\/21\/cooling-all-external-degrees-of-freedom-of-optically-trapped-chromium-atoms-using-gray-molasses\/","title":{"rendered":"Cooling all external degrees of freedom of optically trapped chromium atoms using gray molasses"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-995f960e wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Taken together, the successive gray molasses pulses cool all external degrees of freedom, which leads to an increase of the phase-space density (PSD) by a factor of \u2248250, allowing to reach a high final PSD of \u22481.7\u00d710<sup>\u22123<\/sup>. These experiments are performed within an optical dipole trap, in which gray molasses works as well as it does in free space.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The obtained samples are then an ideal starting point for the evaporation stage aiming at the quantum regime.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full has-custom-border is-style-rounded wp-duotone-unset-1\" id=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-image-1e128f87\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/gqm.lpl.univ-paris13.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Article-Gray-molasses-9be28b.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1614\" style=\"border-style:none;border-width:0px;border-radius:10px\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Evolution of the phase-space density when atoms are loaded in the optical dipole trap, when a single gray molasses pulse is performed (GM) and when the scheme to cool all external degrees of freedom with multiple GM pulses is applied.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>We report on a scheme to cool and compress trapped clouds of highly magnetic 52Cr atoms. This scheme combines sequences of gray molasses, which freeze the velocity distribution, and free evolutions in the (close to) harmonic trap, which periodically exchange the spatial and velocity degrees of freedom.<br \/>\n<a href=\" \t\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.1812.09177\">arXiv:1812.09177 (2018)<\/a>  \/  <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevA.99.023607\">Phys. Rev. A 99, 023607 (2019)<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1614,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[18,63],"tags":[26,61,109,42,111],"class_list":["post-537","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-article","category-chromium","tag-bruno-laburthe-tolra","tag-laurent-vernac","tag-lucas-gabardos","tag-olivier-gorceix","tag-steven-lepoutre"],"blocksy_meta":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Cooling all external degrees of freedom of optically trapped chromium atoms using gray molasses - Magnetic Quantum Gases<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/gqm.lpl.univ-paris13.fr\/index.php\/2018\/12\/21\/cooling-all-external-degrees-of-freedom-of-optically-trapped-chromium-atoms-using-gray-molasses\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Cooling all external degrees of freedom of optically trapped chromium atoms using gray molasses - Magnetic Quantum Gases\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"We report on a scheme to cool and compress trapped clouds of highly magnetic 52Cr atoms. This scheme combines sequences of gray molasses, which freeze the velocity distribution, and free evolutions in the (close to) harmonic trap, which periodically exchange the spatial and velocity degrees of freedom. arXiv:1812.09177 (2018) \/ Phys. Rev. A 99, 023607 (2019)\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/gqm.lpl.univ-paris13.fr\/index.php\/2018\/12\/21\/cooling-all-external-degrees-of-freedom-of-optically-trapped-chromium-atoms-using-gray-molasses\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Magnetic Quantum Gases\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2018-12-21T15:58:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-11-08T13:30:25+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Benjamin PASQUIOU\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Benjamin PASQUIOU\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"1 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gqm.lpl.univ-paris13.fr\\\/index.php\\\/2018\\\/12\\\/21\\\/cooling-all-external-degrees-of-freedom-of-optically-trapped-chromium-atoms-using-gray-molasses\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gqm.lpl.univ-paris13.fr\\\/index.php\\\/2018\\\/12\\\/21\\\/cooling-all-external-degrees-of-freedom-of-optically-trapped-chromium-atoms-using-gray-molasses\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Benjamin PASQUIOU\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gqm.lpl.univ-paris13.fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/edd1441f419c30858a44ed007fc1fc79\"},\"headline\":\"Cooling all external degrees of freedom of optically trapped chromium atoms using gray molasses\",\"datePublished\":\"2018-12-21T15:58:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-11-08T13:30:25+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gqm.lpl.univ-paris13.fr\\\/index.php\\\/2018\\\/12\\\/21\\\/cooling-all-external-degrees-of-freedom-of-optically-trapped-chromium-atoms-using-gray-molasses\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":129,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gqm.lpl.univ-paris13.fr\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gqm.lpl.univ-paris13.fr\\\/index.php\\\/2018\\\/12\\\/21\\\/cooling-all-external-degrees-of-freedom-of-optically-trapped-chromium-atoms-using-gray-molasses\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gqm.lpl.univ-paris13.fr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/11\\\/Article-Gray-molasses-9be28b.svg\",\"keywords\":[\"Bruno Laburthe-Tolra\",\"Laurent Vernac\",\"Lucas Gabardos\",\"Olivier Gorceix\",\"Steven Lepoutre\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Article\",\"Chromium\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gqm.lpl.univ-paris13.fr\\\/index.php\\\/2018\\\/12\\\/21\\\/cooling-all-external-degrees-of-freedom-of-optically-trapped-chromium-atoms-using-gray-molasses\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gqm.lpl.univ-paris13.fr\\\/index.php\\\/2018\\\/12\\\/21\\\/cooling-all-external-degrees-of-freedom-of-optically-trapped-chromium-atoms-using-gray-molasses\\\/\",\"name\":\"Cooling all external degrees of freedom of optically trapped chromium atoms using gray molasses - 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