{"id":606,"date":"2020-10-15T14:48:00","date_gmt":"2020-10-15T12:48:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gqm.lpl.univ-paris13.fr\/?p=606"},"modified":"2025-10-28T15:23:07","modified_gmt":"2025-10-28T14:23:07","slug":"out-of-equilibrium-dynamics-of-spins-coupled-by-dipolar-interaction-in-bose-einstein-condensates-and-in-optical-lattices","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gqm.lpl.univ-paris13.fr\/index.php\/2020\/10\/15\/out-of-equilibrium-dynamics-of-spins-coupled-by-dipolar-interaction-in-bose-einstein-condensates-and-in-optical-lattices\/","title":{"rendered":"Out-of-equilibrium dynamics of spins coupled by dipolar interaction, in Bose-Einstein condensates and in optical lattices."},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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Abstract:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

This thesis focuses mainly on the study of spin dynamics in bosonic chromium quantum gases; atoms possessing a large magnetic moment, which potentially allows for the observation of magnetic dipole-dipole interactions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiments presented consist in placing the system in an out-of-equilibrium state by rotating the spins by an angle \u03b8 with respect to their initial orientation, anti-aligned with the external magnetic field. The populations in the 2s + 1 = 7 Zeeman states then evolve with time and are measured through a Stern-Gerlach procedure. The norm of the total spin of the atomic ensemble is also measured, by Ramsey interferometry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The BEC experiments are in good agreement with mean-field simulations and show that the ferromagnetic character of the condensate is conserved, which is attributed to spin dependent contact interactions. The effects of experimental parameters on the dynamics are studied, in particular the magnetic field gradient and the initial angle \u03b8. We observe that a spin-orbit coupling is necessary to start the dynamics. When \u03b8 \u2260 \u03c0\/2, this coupling can be provided through dipole-dipole interactions. On the other hand, when \u03b8 = \u03c0\/2, a non-zero magnetic field gradient is necessary. In this case, the dynamics is faster and more important for larger gradients.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiments made in a deep lattice (Mott regime), where atoms are fixed at their lattice site, display out of mean-field effects due to dipole-dipole interactions. Furthermore, the system, despite being isolated, reaches a seemingly thermal state, phenomenon which is attributed to a process of quantum thermalization. The measurement of the norm of the total spin for these experiments shows a very different behavior compared to the BEC case, since it decreases rapidly toward a near-zero value. Unlike the population dynamics, the norm dynamics is not well reproduced by beyond mean-field simulations, which could be due, at least partially, to a heating phenomenon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The manuscript also presents a new method for cooling and compressing the atoms in a dipolar trap using gray molasses. This method allowed us to raise the phase space density of the trapped atoms by a factor of around 340, leading to a value of around 2.3 \u00d7 10\u22123<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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2020 – Thesis – Lucas Gabardos<\/a>Download<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Link to HAL<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Soutenance de th\u00e8se de Lucas Gabardos<\/em>
Date:<\/strong> Jeudi 15 octobre 2020
Location:<\/strong> Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, 99 av. J.B. Cl\u00e9ment 93430 Villetaneuse France<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Keywords:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Bose-Einstein condensate, optical lattice, dipolar interactions, quantum magnetism, gray molasses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jury:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • P\u00e9rola Milman (President)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • David Cl\u00e9ment (Referee)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Franck Pereira Dos Santos (Referee)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Du Burk (Examiner)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Laurent Vernac (Co-supervisor)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Bruno Laburthe-Tolra (Supervisor)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

    French version:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

    Dynamique hors \u00e9quilibre de spins coupl\u00e9s par interaction dipolaire en condensat
    de Bose-Einstein et en r\u00e9seau optique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Cette th\u00e8se porte principalement sur l\u2019\u00e9tude de dynamiques de spin effectu\u00e9es dans des gaz quantiques de chrome bosonique ; atomes ayant un large moment magn\u00e9tique, permettant potentiellement l\u2019observation d\u2019effets des interactions dip\u00f4le-dip\u00f4le magn\u00e9tiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Les exp\u00e9riences pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es sont effectu\u00e9es en pla\u00e7ant le syst\u00e8me dans un \u00e9tat hors \u00e9quilibre par rotation des spins d\u2019un angle \u03b8 par rapport \u00e0 leur direction initiale, anti-align\u00e9e avec le champ magn\u00e9tique externe. Les populations des 2s + 1 = 7 \u00e9tats Zeeman \u00e9voluent alors au cours du temps, et sont mesur\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019aide d\u2019une proc\u00e9dure de Stern-Gerlach. La norme du spin total des atomes est \u00e9galement mesur\u00e9e, par interf\u00e9rom\u00e9trie Ramsey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Les exp\u00e9riences en condensat montrent un bon accord avec des simulations de type champ-moyen et permettent de mettre en \u00e9vidence un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne de conservation du ferromagn\u00e9tisme attribu\u00e9 aux interactions de contact d\u00e9pendantes du spin. L\u2019influence des param\u00e8tres exp\u00e9rimentaux sur la dynamique est \u00e9galement \u00e9tudi\u00e9e, notamment le gradient de champ magn\u00e9tique et l\u2019angle initial \u03b8. On observe ainsi qu\u2019un couplage spin-orbite est n\u00e9cessaire pour initier la dynamique de population. Pour \u03b8 \u2260 \u03c0\/2, ce couplage peut \u00eatre assur\u00e9 par les interactions dip\u00f4le-dip\u00f4le. \u00c0 \u03b8 = \u03c0\/2 en revanche, la pr\u00e9sence d\u2019un gradient de champ magn\u00e9tique est n\u00e9cessaire. Dans ce cas, la dynamique est d\u2019autant plus forte et rapide que le gradient est \u00e9lev\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Les exp\u00e9riences en r\u00e9seau profond (r\u00e9gime de Mott), o\u00f9 les atomes sont fix\u00e9s sur les sites du r\u00e9seau, permettent de mettre en \u00e9vidence des effets au-del\u00e0 du champ-moyen dus aux interactions dip\u00f4le-dip\u00f4le. De plus, le syst\u00e8me, bien qu\u2019isol\u00e9, tend vers un \u00e9tat d\u2019apparence thermique, ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne que nous attribuons \u00e0 un processus de thermalisation quantique. La mesure de la norme du spin total pour ces exp\u00e9riences montre un comportement tr\u00e8s diff\u00e9rent du cas en condensat, celle-ci diminuant rapidement vers une valeur proche de z\u00e9ro. Contrairement \u00e0 la dynamique de population, la dynamique de la norme du spin n\u2019est pas parfaitement reproduite par les simulations au-del\u00e0 du champ-moyen, ce qui pourrait \u00eatre partiellement expliqu\u00e9 par un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne de chauffage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Le manuscrit traite \u00e9galement d\u2019une m\u00e9thode de refroidissement et compression des atomes en pi\u00e8ge optique \u00e0 l\u2019aide de m\u00e9lasses grises. Cette m\u00e9thode a permis d\u2019augmenter la densit\u00e9 dans l\u2019espace des phases des atomes charg\u00e9s dans le pi\u00e8ge d\u2019un facteur environ 340, ce qui correspond \u00e0 une valeur d\u2019environ 2,3 \u00d7 10\u22123<\/sup>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    French version: Dynamique hors \u00e9quilibre de spins coupl\u00e9s par interaction dipolaire en condensatde Bose-Einstein et en r\u00e9seau optique Cette th\u00e8se porte principalement sur l\u2019\u00e9tude de dynamiques de spin effectu\u00e9es dans des gaz quantiques de chrome bosonique ; atomes ayant un large moment magn\u00e9tique, permettant potentiellement l\u2019observation d\u2019effets des interactions dip\u00f4le-dip\u00f4le magn\u00e9tiques. Les exp\u00e9riences pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es sont […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[75],"tags":[109],"class_list":["post-606","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-phd-thesis","tag-lucas-gabardos"],"blocksy_meta":[],"yoast_head":"\nOut-of-equilibrium dynamics of spins coupled by dipolar interaction, in Bose-Einstein condensates and in optical lattices. - Magnetic Quantum Gases<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/gqm.lpl.univ-paris13.fr\/index.php\/2020\/10\/15\/out-of-equilibrium-dynamics-of-spins-coupled-by-dipolar-interaction-in-bose-einstein-condensates-and-in-optical-lattices\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Out-of-equilibrium dynamics of spins coupled by dipolar interaction, in Bose-Einstein condensates and in optical lattices. - Magnetic Quantum Gases\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"French version: Dynamique hors \u00e9quilibre de spins coupl\u00e9s par interaction dipolaire en condensatde Bose-Einstein et en r\u00e9seau optique Cette th\u00e8se porte principalement sur l\u2019\u00e9tude de dynamiques de spin effectu\u00e9es dans des gaz quantiques de chrome bosonique ; atomes ayant un large moment magn\u00e9tique, permettant potentiellement l\u2019observation d\u2019effets des interactions dip\u00f4le-dip\u00f4le magn\u00e9tiques. 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